Zooarchaeologists study how animal remains end up located at the site, became buried, and what changes they went through over time.
Animal bones are commonly looked at for signs of weathering, chewing, butchering, fragmentation, and burning. The density, numbers of bones preserved, natural, and cultural actions all may affect how bones are developed and broken down. Zooarchaeologists often look at if bone deterioration is caused by natural or man-related means.
Most bones at camp sites are leftovers from the meals served and were broken into smaller pieces during the preparation of the food. Animals may have then been steamed, boiled, or roasted which may have resulting in the staining of the bones.
While some of these bones from food were thrown away, many bones and shells were transformed into tools. Many cultural and/or religious traditions included animals. The special relationships that individuals had with the animals were showcased through ceremonies and other practices.
"Some animals such as dogs or parts of animals made into objects, such as fans made from bird wings, were sometimes intentionally buried. Such special contexts suggest special relationships. Intentional burial of animals and artifacts made from animal remains also made them less subject to destruction."
The Archaic Koster site proved to hold shaped animal bones seen above. These were used as decorative pins and ornaments.
Link to the article: http://zooarch.illinoisstatemuseum.org/
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